tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73678094744285744702023-11-15T23:09:54.167-08:00dangerous goodsdangerous goodshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00316493719736796815noreply@blogger.comBlogger6125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7367809474428574470.post-30130700216419286252012-12-18T04:28:00.000-08:002012-12-18T05:28:36.712-08:00RADIOAKTIF<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">KLASIFIKASI 7</span></div>
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<b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">BAHAN RADIOAKTIF</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Radioaktif</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> adalah bahan
yang terkontaminasi dengan radio isotop yang berasal dari penggunaan medis atau
riset radio nukleida. Limbah ini dapat berasal dari antara lain : tindakan
kedokteran nuklir, <i>radio-imunoassay </i>dan bakteriologis; dapat
berbentuk padat, cair atau gas. Selain sampah klinis, dari kegiatan penunjang
rumah sakit juga menghasilkan sampah non klinis atau dapat disebut juga sampah
non medis. Sampah non medis ini bisa berasal dari kantor/administrasi kertas,
unit pelayanan (berupa karton, kaleng, botol), sampah dari ruang pasien, sisa
makanan buangan; sampah dapur (sisa pembungkus, sisa makanan/bahanmakanan,
sayur dan lain-lain). Limbah cair yang dihasilkan rumah sakit mempunyai
karakteristik tertentu baik fisik, kimia dan biologi. Limbah rumah sakit bisa
mengandung bermacam-macam mikroorganisme, tergantung pada jenis rumah sakit,
tingkat pengolahan yang dilakukan sebelum dibuang dan jenis sarana yang ada
(laboratorium, klinik dll). Tentu saja dari jenis-jenis mikroorganisme tersebut
ada yang bersifat patogen. Limbah rumah sakit seperti halnya limbah lain
akanmengandung bahan-bahan organik dan anorganik, yang tingkat kandungannya
dapat ditentukan dengan uji air kotor pada umumnya seperti BOD, COD, TTS, pH,
mikrobiologik, dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b>DAMPAK RADIOAKTIF</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Pengertian atau arti definisi pencemaran
radioaktif adalah suatu pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh debu
radioaktif akibat terjadinya ledakan reaktor-reaktor atom serta bom atom. Yang
paling berbahaya dari pencemaran radioaktif seperti nuklir adalah radiasi sinar
alpha, beta dan gamma yang sangat membahayakan makhluk hidup di sekitarnya.
Selain itu partikel-partikel neutron yang dihasilkan juga berbahaya. Zat
radioaktif pencemar lingkungan yang biasa ditemukan adalah 90SR merupakan
karsinogen tulang dan 131J.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Apabila ada makhluk hidup yang terkena
radiasi atom nuklir yang berbahaya biasanya akan terjadi mutasi gen karena
terjadi perubahan struktur zat serta pola reaksi kimia yang merusak sel-sel
tubuh makhluk hidup baik tumbuh-tumbuhan maupun hewan atau binatang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Efek serta Akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh
radiasi zat radioaktif pada umat manusia seperti berikut di bawah ini :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Pusing-pusing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Nafsu makan berkurang atau hilang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. Terjadi diare<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4. Badan panas atau demam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">5. Berat badan turun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">6. Kanker darah atau leukemia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">7. Meningkatnya denyut jantung atau nadi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">8. Daya tahan tubuh berkurang sehingga
mudah terserang penyakit akibat sel darah putih yang jumlahnya
berkurang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Ada beberapa pengertian limbah
radioaktif :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Zat radioaktif yang sudah tidak
dapat digunakan lagi, dan atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Bahan serta peralatan yang
terkena zat radioaktif atau menjadi radioaktif, dan sudah tidak dapat
difungsikan. Bahan atau peralatan tersebut terkena atau menjadi radioaktif
kemungkinan karena pengoperasian instalasi nuklir atau instalasi yang
memanfaatkan radiasi pengion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Jenis limbah radioaktif :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Dari segi besarnya aktivitas dibagi
dalam limbah aktivitas tinggi, aktivitas sedang dan aktivitas rendah.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Dari umurnya di bagi menjadi limbah umur
paruh panjang, dan limbah umur paruh pendek.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Dari bentuk fisiknya dibagi menjadi
limbah padat, cair dan gas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<i>Zat radio aktif adalah setiap zat yang memancarkan radiasi pengion</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Penentuan
tingkat keamanan selama pengangkutan zat radioaktif.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Berasal dari manakah limbah radioaktif ?</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Limbah radioaktif berasal dari setiap
pemanfaatan tenaga nuklir, baik pemanfaatan untuk pembangkitan daya listrik
menggunakan reaktor nuklir, maupun pemanfaatan tenaga nuklir untuk keperluan
industri dan rumah sakit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagaimana cara mengelola limbah
radioaktif ?</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Limbah radioaktif dikelola sedemikian
rupa sehingga tidak membahayakan masyarakat, pekerja dan lingkungan, baik untuk
generasi sekarang maupun generasi yang akan datang. Cara pengelolaannya dengan
mengisolasi limbah tersebut dalam suatu wadah yang dirancang tahan lama yang
ditempatkan dalam suatu gedung penyimpanan sementara sebelum ditetapkan suatu
lokasi penyimpanan permanennya. Apabila dimungkinkan pengurangan volume limbah
maka dilakukan proses reduksi volume, misalnya menggunakan evaporator untuk
limbah cair, pembakaran untuk limbah padat maupun cair yang dibakar, ataupun
pemanfaatan untuk limbah padat yang bisa dimanfaatkan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <b>BAHAN
KIMIA RADIOAKTIF (RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES )</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Radiasi dari bahan radioaktif dapat menimbulkan
efek somatik dan efek genetik, efek somatik dapat akut atau kronis. Efek
somatik akut bila terkena radiasi 200[Rad] sampai 5000[Rad] yang dapat
menyebabkan sindroma system saraf sentral, sindroma gas trointestinal dan
sindroma kelainan darah, sedangkan efek somatik kronis terjadi pada dosis yang
rendah. Efek genetik mempengaruhi alat reproduksi yang akibatnya
diturunkan pada keturunan. Bahan ini meliputi isotop radioaktif dan semua
persenyawaan yang mengandung radioaktif. Pemakai zat radioaktif dan
sumber radiasi harus memiliki instalasi fasilitas atom, tenaga yang terlatih
untuk bekerja dengan zat radioaktif, peralatan teknis yang diperlukan dan
mendapat izin dari BATAN. Penyimpanannya harus ditempat yang memiliki
peralatan cukup untuk memproteksi radiasi, tidak dicampur dengan bahan lain
yang dapat membahayakan, packing/ kemasan dari bahan radioaktif harus mengikuti
ketentuan khusus yang telah ditetapkan dan keutuhan kemasan harus dipelihara. <u>Peraturan
perundangan</u> mengenai bahan radioaktif diantaranya :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">a. Undang-Undang Nomor 31/64
Tentang Ketentuan Pokok Tenaga Atom<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">b. Peraturan Pemerintah No. 11
Tahun 1975 Tentang Keselamatan Kerja terhadap radiasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">c. Peraturan pemerintah No. 12
Tahun 1975 Tentang izin Pemakaian Zat Radioaktif dan atau Sumber Radiasi
lainnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">d. Peraturan Pemerintah No. 13
Tahun 1975 Tentang Pengangkutan Zat Radioaktif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Maka Peta Keterkaitan Kegiatan untuk
tata letak penyimpanan material kimia berbahaya berdasarkan ketentuan safety
tersebut di atas adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Gambar
Peta keterkaitan kegiatan untuk penyimpanan raw material.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Lembar Data Bahaya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Lembar data bahaya (Hazard Data
Sheets/HDSs) terkadang disebut Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) atau
Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDSs) adalah lembar informasi yang detail tentang
bahan-bahan kimia. Umumnya lembar ini disiapkan dan dibuat oleh pabrik
kimia atau suatu program, seperti International Programme On Chemical Safety
(IPCS) yang aktifitasnya terkait dengan World Health Organization (WHO),
International Labour Organization (ILO), dan United Environment Programme
(UNEP). HDSs/MSDSs/CSDSs merupakan sumber informasi tentang bahan kimia
yang penting dan dapat diakses tetapi kualitasnya dapat bervariasi. Jika
anda menggunakan HDSs, berhati-hatilah terhadap keterbatasannya, sebagai
contoh, HDSs sering sulit untuk dibaca dan dimengerti. Keterbatasan lain yang
serius adalah seringnya tidak memuat informasi yang cukup tentang bahaya dan
peringatan penting yang anda butuhkan ketika bekerja dengan bahan kimia
tertentu. Untuk mengatasi keterbatasan ini, kapanpun dimungkinkan untuk
menggunakan sumber informasi lain secara bersama-sama dengan HDSs. Suatu
ide yang baik untuk mewakili kasehatan dan keselamatan dengan menyimpan lembar
data bahaya pada setiap penggunaan bahan kimia di tempat kerja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">
Informasi berikut harus muncul pada semua lembar data bahaya, akan tetapi
urutan dapat berbeda dari yang dijelaskan dibawah ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian 1</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> :
Identifikasi produk dan pabrik<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Identifikasi produk : nama produk
tertera disini dengan nama kimia atau nama dagang, nama yang tertera harus sama
dengan nama yang ada pada label. Lembar data bahaya juga harus mendaftar
sinonim produk atau substansinya, sinonim adalah nama lain dengan substansi
yang diketahui. Contohnya Methyl alcohol juga dikenal sebagai Metanol atau
Alkohol kayu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Identifikasi pabrik : nama pabrik
atau supplier, alamat, nomor telepon, tanggal HDSs dibuat, dan nomor darurat
untuk menelepon setelah jam kerja, merupakan ide yang baik bagi pengguna produk
untuk menelepon pabrik pembuat produk sehingga mendapatkan informasi tentang
produk tersebut sebelum terjadi hal yang darurat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian 2</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> :
Bahan-bahan berbahaya<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Untuk produk campuran, hanya bahan-bahan
berbahaya saja yang tercantum pada daftar khusus bahan kimia, dan yang didata
bila komposisinya ≥ 1% dari produk. Pengecualian untuk zat karsinogen
yang harus di daftar jika komposisinya 0,1% dari campuran. Batas
konsentrasi yaitu Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)[13] dan The Recommended
Threshold Limit Value (TLV )[14] harus didata dalam HDSs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian 3</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> : Data
Fisik<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian ini mendata titik didih, tekanan,
density, titik cair, tampilan, bau, dan lain-lain. Informasi pada bagian
ini membantu anda mengerti bagaimana sifat bahan kimia dan jenis bahaya yang
ditimbulkannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian 4</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> : Data
Kebakaran Dan Ledakan<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian ini mendata titik nyala api dan
batas mudah terbakar atau meledak, serta menjelaskan kepada anda bagaimana
memadamkan api. Informasi pada bagian ini dibutuhkan untuk mencegah,
merencanakan dan merespon kebakaran atau ledakan dari bahan-bahan kimia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian 5</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> : Data
Reaktifitas<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian ini menjelaskan kepada anda
apakah suatu substansi stabil atau tidak, bila tidak, bahaya apa yang
ditimbulkan dalam keadaan tidak stabil. Bagian ini mendata ketidakcocokan
substansi, substansi mana yang tidak boleh diletakkan atau digunakan secara
bersamaan. Informasi ini penting untuk penyimpanan dan penanganan produk
yang tepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian 6</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> : Data
Bahaya Kesehatan<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Rute tempat masuk (pernafasan,
penyerapan kulit atau ingestion), efek kesehatan akut dan kronik, tanda-tanda
dan gejala awal, apakah produknya bersifat karsinogen, masalah kesehatan yang
makin buruk bila terkena, dan pertolongan pertama yang
direkomendasikan/prosedur gawat darurat, semuanya seharusnya terdaftar di
bagian ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian 7</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> :
Tindakan Pencegahan Untuk Penanganan<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Informasi dibutuhkan untuk memikirkan
rencana respon gawat darurat, prosedur pembersihan, metode pembuangan yang
aman, yang dibutuhkan dalam penyimpanan, dan penanganan tindakan
pencegahan harus detail pada bagian ini. Akan tetapi sering kali pabrik
pembuat produk meringkas informasi ini dengan satu pernyataan yang simple,
seperti hindari menghirup asap atau hindari kontak dengan kulit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bagian 8</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> :
Pengukuran Kontrol<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Metode yang direkomendasikan untuk control
bahaya termasuk ventilasi, praktek kerja dan alat pelindung diri/Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) dirincin pada bagian ini. Tipe respirator,
baju pelindung dan sarung tangan material yang paling resisten untuk produk
harus diberitahu. Lebih dari rekomendasi perlindungan material yang
paling resisten, HDSs boleh dengan simple menyatakan bahwa baju dan
sarung tangan yang tidak dapat ditembus harus digunakan. Bagian ini
cenderung menekankan alat pelindung diri daripada control engineering.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <b>PEMASANGAN
LABEL DAN TANDA PADA BAHAN BERBAHAYA</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Pemasangan label dan tanda dengan
memakai lambang atau tulisan peringatan pada wadah atau tempat penyimpanan
untuk bahan berbahaya adalah tindakan pencegahan yang esensial. Tenaga
kerja yang bekerja pada proses produksi atau pengangkutan biasanya belum
mengetahui sifat bahaya dari bahan kimia dalam wadah/packingnya, demikian pula
para konsumen dari barang tersebut, dalam hal inilah pemberian label dan tanda
menjadi sangat penting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Peringatan tentang bahaya dengan label
dan tanda merupakan syarat penting dalam perlindungan keselamatan kerja, namun
hal tersebut tidak dapat dianggap sebagai perlindungan yang sudah lengkap,
usaha perlindungan keselamatan lainnya masih tetap diperlukan. <u>Lambang yang
umum dipakai untuk bahan kimia</u> yang memiliki sifat berbahaya adalah sebagai
berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">
<b>TANDA BAHAYA DARI BAHAN KIMIA</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Keterangan
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">E
= Dapat
Meledak
T = Beracun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">F+
= Sangat Mudah
Terbakar
C = Korosif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">F
= Mudah
Terbakar
Xi = Iritasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">O
=
Pengoksidasi
Xn = Berbahaya Jika Tertelan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">T+
= Sangat
Beracun
N = Berbahaya Untuk Lingkungan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">
<b>Kebijakan Penanganan Bahan Kimia Khususnya Dalam Penggunaan Dibidang
Industri/Perusahaan Pada Dasarnya Meliputi Kebijakan :</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">-
Pembuatan peraturan/perundang-undangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">-
Pengawasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">-
Pendidikan/penyuluhan/training<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">-
Survei/penelitian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Standarisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Kampanye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <b>KESIMPULAN</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Limbah Radioaktif adalah bahan yang
terkontaminasi dengan radio isotop yang berasal dari penggunaan medis
atau riset radio nukleida.Pengertian atau arti definisi pencemaran
radioaktif adalah suatu pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh debu
radioaktif akibat terjadinya ledakan reaktor-reaktor atom serta bom atom. Yang
paling berbahaya dari pencemaran radioaktif seperti nuklir adalah radiasi sinar
alpha, beta dan gamma yang sangat membahayakan makhluk hidup di sekitarnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Zat radioaktif dan radioisotop berperan
besar dalam ilmu kedokteran yaitu untuk mendeteksi berbagai penyakit, diagnosa
penyakit yang penting antara lain tumor ganas. Kemajuan teknologi dengan
ditemukannya zat radioaktif dan radioisotop memudahkan aktifitas manusia dalam
berbagai bidang kehidupan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">B.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <b>SARAN</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Masalah zat
radioaktif dan radioisotop hendaknya tidak ditafsirkan sebagai satu
fenomena yang menakutkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Penggunaan
radioaktif dan radioisotop hendaknya dibarengi pengetahuan dan teknologi yang
tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. Penerapan
dalam diagnosa berbagai penyakit hendaknya memikirkan efek-efek yang akan
ditimbulkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">4. Diharapkan
penggunaan zat radioaktif dan radioisotop ini untuk kemakmuran dan
kesejahteraan umat manusia.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
dangerous goodshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00316493719736796815noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7367809474428574470.post-7158803878574196512012-12-18T04:20:00.000-08:002012-12-18T04:21:33.967-08:00dangerous goods 2<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">jenis<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">deskripsi<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Self-reaktif
jenis material adalah bahan diri reaktif yang, seperti dikemas untuk transportasi,
dapat meledakkan atau deflagrate cepat. Transportasi ketik Bahan diri reaktif
dilarang.<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Self-reaktif
bahan tipe B adalah bahan diri reaktif yang, seperti dikemas untuk
transportasi, baik meledakkan atau deflagrates cepat, tetapi dapat dikenakan
menjalani ledakan termal dalam sebuah paket.<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Self-reaktif
bahan tipe C adalah bahan diri reaktif yang, seperti dikemas untuk
transportasi, baik meledakkan atau deflagrates cepat dan tidak dapat
menjalani ledakan termal.<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Self-reaktif bahan tipe D
adalah bahan diri reaktif yang:<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Meledakkan
sebagian, tidak deflagrate cepat dan tidak menunjukkan efek kekerasan ketika
dipanaskan dalam kurungan;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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sama sekali, deflagrates perlahan dan tidak menunjukkan efek kekerasan ketika
dipanaskan dalam kurungan, atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Tidak
meledakkan atau deflagrate sama sekali dan menunjukkan efek media ketika
dipanaskan dalam kurungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Self-reaktif
bahan tipe E adalah bahan diri reaktif yang, dalam pengujian laboratorium,
baik meledakkan atau deflagrates sama sekali dan hanya menunjukkan efek
rendah atau tidak ada ketika dipanaskan dalam kurungan.<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Self-reaktif
bahan jenis F adalah bahan diri reaktif yang, dalam pengujian laboratorium,
baik di negara meledakkan cavitated maupun deflagrates sama sekali dan hanya
menunjukkan efek rendah atau tidak ada ketika dipanaskan dalam kurungan serta
rendah atau tidak ada daya ledak<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Self-reaktif
bahan tipe G adalah bahan diri reaktif yang, dalam pengujian laboratorium,
tidak meledak di negara cavitated, tidak akan deflagrate sama sekali,
menunjukkan tidak berpengaruh bila dipanaskan dalam kurungan, dan tidak
menunjukkan setiap daya ledak. Sebuah tipe G diri reaktif materi tidak tunduk
pada persyaratan subchapter ini untuk diri-reaktif bahan Divisi 4,1 asalkan
itu adalah termal stabil (diri percepatan suhu dekomposisi adalah 50 ° C (122
° F) atau lebih tinggi untuk 50 kg (110 pon) paket). Bahan diri reaktif
memenuhi semua karakteristik dari tipe G kecuali stabilitas termal
digolongkan sebagai tipe F diri reaktif bahan, suhu kontrol.<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Divisi 4.2:Secara spontan
terbakar</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bahan mudah terbakar secara
spontan adalah:<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bahan piroforik:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Sebuah </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrophoricity&usg=ALkJrhhoKdDu-eC0slQddejGDeq2qs1qEw"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bahan piroforik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> adalah menit
cair atau padat, bahkan dalam jumlah kecil dan tanpa sumber pengapian
eksternal, dapat terbakar dalam waktu lima (5) setelah datang di kontak dengan
udara saat diuji sesuai dengan Manual PBB Tes dan Kriteria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Self-Pemanasan
Bahan:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">
Bahan pemanasan sendiri adalah bahan yang, ketika kontak dengan udara dan tanpa
</span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_supply&usg=ALkJrhiTk4BysU_NXtzc-Hon0-rLsu3JRA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pasokan energi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> , dapat
dikenakan diri panas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Divisi 4.3:Dangerous When Wet</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Berbahaya ketika bahan basah
adalah material yang, melalui kontak dengan air, dapat dikenakan secara spontan
menjadi mudah terbakar atau mengeluarkan gas yang mudah terbakar atau beracun
pada tingkat yang lebih besar dari 1 liter per kilogram materi, per jam, saat
diuji sesuai dengan PBB Manual Tes dan Kriteria.<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">PLACARDS</span></b></div>
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dangerous goodshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00316493719736796815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7367809474428574470.post-46395543559208738592012-12-18T03:23:00.003-08:002012-12-18T05:42:08.437-08:00dangerous goods 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">1. Bentuk Formulasi.</span></b><br />
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Menurut Permentan Nomor: 07/Permentan/SR.140/2/2007
mengenai Syarat dan Tatacara Pendaftaran Pestisida, Formulasiadalah campuran
bahan aktif dengan bahan lainnya dengan kadar dan bentuk tertentu yang
mempunyai daya kerja sebagai Pestisida sesuai dengan tujuan yang direncanakan
(direktorat pupuk dan pestisida, 2011)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Bentuk formulasi pestisida dapat diketahui dengan
melihat kode yang tercantum dalam kemasan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">1.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Formulasi pestisida bentuk cair biasanya terdiri dari
pekatan yang dapat diemulsikan (EC), pekatan yang larut dalam air (SL), pekatan
dalam air (AC), pekatan dalam minyak (OC), Aerosol (A), gas yang dicairkan
(LG).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">2.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Formulasi Padat terdiri dari : Formulasi tepung yang
dapat disuspensikan atau Wettable Powder (WP) atau disebut juga Dispersible
Powder (DP), Formulasi yang dapat dilarutkan atau Soluble Powder (SP) formulasi
butiran atau Granula (G), Pekatan debu atau Dust Concentrate (DC), Formulasi
pestisida dalam bentuk debu atau Dust (D), Formulasi umpan atau Block Bait
(BB), formulasi tablet mempunyai kode TB (Tablet).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">3.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Formulasi padatan lingkar mempunyai kode MC<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">2. Bahan Aktif Pestisida</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Bahan Aktif adalah bahan kimia dan atau bahan lain yang
terkandung dalam Pestisida dan pada umumnya merupakan bahan yang berdaya racun.
Bahan aktif ini umumnya selektif digunakan untuk jenis OPT tertentu. Kesalahan
pembelian pestisida menyebabkan ketidaktepatan bahan aktif yang dipergunakan
untuk membasmi. Bisa jadi OPT yang disemprot
dapat mati mengingat hakekat bahan aktif yang terkandung adalah racun. Misalkan
werengpun jika disemprot dengan obat nyamuk juga dapat mati. Namun biasanya
memberikan dampak negatif susulan yang justru lebih merugikan semisal
resistensi dan resurjensi. Resistensiadalah menurunnya kepekaan hama, penyebab
penyakit dan /atau gulma terhadap Pestisida tertentu (Kebal). Sedang Resurjensi
adalah peningkatan populasi organisme sasaran setelah perlakuan dengan
Pestisida.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Selain itu penggunaan pestisida yang tidak tepat juga
akan mematikan musuh alami dan merusak ekosistem alami. Oleh karena itu saat
membeli pestisida harus dipilih bahan aktif yang paling tepat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Terdapat 39 (tigapuluh sembilan) bahan aktif yang
dilarang sebagaimana dilihat pada tabel 1. Bahan aktif ini harus
dihindari. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">4.</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Dosis dan petunjuk penggunaan.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Dosis adalah Takaran/ ukuran dalam liter, gram atau kg
yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama atau penyakit per satuan luas tertentu.
Efektivitas penggunaan Pestisida diperoleh melalui penggunaan dosis yang tepat.
Ketidak taatan dalam menggunakan dosis Pestisida dapat menyebabkan resistensi
yang akan semakin merugikan petani. (dirjen prasarana dan sarana pertanian,
2011)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Penggunaan pestisida harus sesuai dosis anjuran, tidak
hanya menganut tradisi setempat. Masing-masing pestisida memiliki petunjuk
penggunaan yang berbeda sesuai karakteristik pestisida tersebut. Kebiasaan yang
muncul pada petani adalah menyamaratakan metode aplikasi pestisida dengan abai
pada kekhasan setiap pestisida. Hasil yang optimum hanya bisa dicapai jika
pestisida digunakan sesuai petunjuk penggunaan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">5. Menggunakan Pestisida Yang Terdaftar Dan Diijinkan
Menteri</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Pertanian.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Tidak dibenarkan menggunakan Pestisida yang tidak
terdaftar dan tidak mendapat ijin Menteri Pertanian, karena tidak diketahui
kebenaran mutu dan efektivitasnya serta keamanannya bagi lingkungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">6. Nomor produksi, bulan dan tahun produksi (batch
number) serta bulan dan tahun kadaluwarsa</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Setiap produk pestisida memiliki umur penggunaan yang
ditandai dengan masa kadaluarsa. Kadaluarsa berarti suatu produk sudah tidak
layak lagi untuk digunakan karena mengalami perubahan sifat baik fisik maupun
kimia sehingga hasil tidak akan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dan memiliki
kemungkinan memberikan efek samping yang negatif. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Setiap pembelian pestisida harus dicermati mengenai
tanggal kadaluarsa. Petani harus menjadi konsumen yang cerdas agar tidak
menjadi korban pedagang. Di khawatirkan pedagang nakal menjual barang yang
sudah kadaluarsa karena khawatir merugi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">7. Memahami kelas bahaya pestisida</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">8. memahami pictogram atau gambar</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Pengguna diharapkan juga mempelajari <b>piktogram </b>(tanda-tanda
gambar) yang terdapat pada kemasan Pestisida atau pada brosur/ leaflet
Pestisida<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> 5.Shipper mendokumentasikan barang tersebut
sebelum diangkut kedalam pesawat udara, dan shipper menyiapkan dokumen : </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">
a. Shipper declaration for dangerous goods<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">b. Air waybill<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">c. Material safety data sheet<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">d. Acceptance check list<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">e. NOTOC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Pengiriman Cargo</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">dalam pengiriman barang dangerous good membutuhkan
penanganan yang khusus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">disini akan dibahas bagaimana mengirim barang Dangerous
Good Class 5 dan 6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Secara umum proses pengiriman cargo dapat digambarkan
sebagai berikut : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Shipper - Acceptance -
storage - build up - movement -
aircraft - warehouse - storage -
pegambilan barang/pengiriman barang - consignee<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Adapun pada saat sebelum dikirim shipper harus mengecek
pelabelan : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">1.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Memeriksa bahwa
apapun tanda yang berhubungan pada kemasan/ kemasan terluar sudah pada kemasan
dan lokasi yang benar, sesuai dengan kualitas dan persyaratan spesifikasi dari
peraturan tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">2.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Menghapus/
memindahkan semua tanda yang tidak terkait yang ada pada kemasan/ kemasan
terluar<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">3.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Memastikan
bahwa setiap kemasan luar/ kemasan tunggal digunakan untuk barang berbahaya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">4.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">menggunakan
semua tanda baru yang sesuai pada tempat yang benar, dan memastikan kalau
kulaitasnya tahan lama dan spesifikasinya sudah benar<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">5.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Memastikan bahwa
tanggung jawab untuk menandai secara lengkap dipenuhi bila kemasan/
kemasan terluar diserahkan ke pengelola untuk dikirim.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Ada berapa macam tipe penandaan? Ada 2 tipe penandaan yaitu penandaan
spesifikasi UN dan penandaan kualitas terbatas. Apa saja penandaan yang wajib
dibuat oleh pengirim? Ada empat penandaan yang wajib dikirim ( mandatory
markings ) yaitu ; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">nomor UN, nama pengapalan yang tepat, nama dan alamat pengirim barang,
nama dan alamat penerima barang. Tetapi, pengirim barang juga membuat 5
penandaan tambahan, yaitu explosives, untuk Dry Ice, untuk item lain, untuk RIS
(div 6.2), untuk RIS dari UN3373.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Proses pengiriman dangerous goods divisi 5.1 Calcium
chlorate sebagai berikut:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-Shipper membawa barang tersebut ke bagian acceptance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-di bagian acceptance calcium chlorate tersebut harus disimpan kedalam
gudang dengan cara memisahkannya dengan kargo umum yang lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-Petunjuk dan alat-alat keamanan seperti alat pemadam kebakaran harus
tepat tersedia di lokasi barang-barang bahaya tersebut disimpan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-Poster dangerous goods class 5 harus ditempatkan pada semua titik dimana
cargo tersebut diterima<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-Selanjutnya calsium chlorate tersebut dimuat ke ULD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-karena calsium chlorate memiliki label CAO maka tidak seharusnya dibawa
kedalam kabin pesawat dimana penumpang berada<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-calsium chlorate tersebut tidak dapat ditempatkan bersama, karena
kemasan yang berisi barang-barang berbahaya dapat bereaksi secara membahayakan
satu dengan yang lainnya maka dari itu tidak seharusnya ditempatkan
berdampingan dalam pemmuatan di dalam pesawat yang memungkinkan terjadinya
interaksi diantara barang-barang tersebut jika terjadi suatu kebocoran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-dan harus dilakukan inspeksi untuk memastikan bahwa kemasan luar
tidak berlobang, robek, sisa kebocoran, bau atau indikasi dalam integritas
kemasan lain yang tak dapat dikompromikan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-juga mengecek bahwa label bahaya ditempelkan dengan baik dan dalam
kondisi yang baik pula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-agent pun harus memastikan bahwa barang-barang tersebut aman
dengan cara mencegah pergerakan apapun yang dapat mengubah orientasi dari
kemasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-dan lagi seluruh kemasan barang-barang bahaya tersebut harus diinspeksi
sebelum dimuat oleh petugas yang bertanggung jawab untuk menyusun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-dan dokumen barang tersebut harus dilengkapi seperti AWB, Shipper's
Declaration for Dangerous Goods, checklist penerimaan barang0barang berbahaya,
NOTOC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-dan diangkut kedalam pesawat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-setelah sampai di destination point cargo tersebut di unload<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-dan dimasukkan ke warehouse<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-dan di warehouse dilakukan breakedown yaitu memisahkan cargo sesuai
jenisnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-lalu dimasukkan ke storage<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">-lalu dikirim ke consignee</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">beberapa jenis kemasan antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">2.1. Kemasan Luar/ Tunggal <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Untuk kemasan jenis ini menggunakan kode 2 (dua) karakter, yaitu : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">- angka numerik yang menunjukkan jenis kemasan seperti drum,
jerigen, dan lain-lain <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">- diikuti huruf latin kapital yang menunjukkan bahan dari kemasan seperti
baja (steel), kayu, dan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">lain-lain <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">- diikuti dengan (bila mungkin) dengan angka numerik yang
menunjukkan kategori dari isi kemasan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">2.2. Kemasan Komposit <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Kemasan jenis ini diberi kode dengan 2 huruf Latin kapital secara
berurutan. Huruf pertama <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">menunjukkan bahan yang digunakan pada lapisan dalam, sedangkan berikutnya
menunjukkan bahan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">dari kemasan luar. 2.3. Kemasan Kombinasi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Pada kemasan kombinasi, hanya ada satu kode yang digunakan yaitu sesuai
kode pada kemasan luar <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">yang digunakan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Angka numerik yang digunakan untuk beberapa jenis kemasan adalah sebagai
berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> 1 --- drum <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> 2 --- reserved <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> 3 --- jerigen <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> 4 --- kotak (box) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> 5 --- kantong (bag) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> 6 --- kemasan komposit <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Sedangkan huruf kapital yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahan
kemasan yang digunakan adalah : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> A --- baja (steel) ( termasuk semua jenis pelapisan) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> B --- aluminium <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> C --- kayu <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> D --- kayu lapisn(plywood) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> F --- reconsituted wood<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> G --- fibreboard<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> H --- plastik <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> L --- tekstil <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> M -- kertas, multiwall <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> N --- logam (selain baja atau aluminium) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> P --- gelas, porcelain <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">2.3. Kemasan Dalam <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Pengkodean yang digunakan pada kemasan dalam adalah dengan 3 (tiga)
atau empat huruf yaitu: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">a. dengan huruf Latin besar ”IP” yang menunjukkan ”Inner Packaging” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">b. diikuti dengan huruf yang menunjukkan jenis kemasan dalam <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">c. jika mungkin, diikuti dengan huruf Latin kapital yang menunjukkan
kategori dari isi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Pengujian untuk Kemasan Dangerous Goods</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> Tujuan dari pengujian adalah untuk menjamin bahwa
tidak ada isi/produk yang hilang selama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">transportasi pada kondisi normal. Jumlah/parameter uji
pada kemasan ditentukan oleh isi/produk, grup ,kemasan, density dan tekanan uap
(untuk cairan).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> Uji Jatuh (drop test)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Uji ini dilakukan untuk setiap jenis dan
setiap pembuatan dan dilakukan untuk kemasan-kemasan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">drum plastik, jerigen plastik, kotak plastik selain dari
Expandable Polystyrene, kemasan komposit dan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">kemasan kombinasi dengan kemasan dalam berupa plastik
selain kantong plastik dengan tinggi jatuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">1,8 m untuk kemasan grup I; 1,2 m untuk kemasan
grup II dan 0,8 m untuk kemasan grup III. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Khusus untuk produk cair dengan density lebih besar dari
1,2 maka tinggi jatuhan adalah 1,5 m kali relative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">density untuk grup I; 1,0 m kali relative density untuk
grupII dan 0,67 kali relative density untuk grup<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">III. Uji Kebocoran (leakproofness test)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Uji ini harus dilakukan unytuk semua jenis kemasan yang
berisi cairan namun tidak diperlukan untuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">kemasan dalam dari kemasan kombinasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">4.3. Uji Tekanan Dalam (hydraulic test)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Uji tekanan dalam atau hydraulic test harus
dilakukan untuk semua jenis kemasan yang terbuat dari<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">metal, plastik dan kemasan komposit yang berisi cairan,
namun tidak diperlukan unuk kemasan dalam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">dari kemasan kombinasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> Uji Tumpukan (Stacking Test)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Uji ini harus dilakukan untuk semua jenis kemasan
kecuali kantong.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: blue; color: white;"><br /></span></div>
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dangerous goodshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00316493719736796815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7367809474428574470.post-91481393906561876722012-12-18T03:23:00.002-08:002012-12-18T03:23:39.207-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">KLASIFIKASI 8</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Corrosive (Bahan
yang mengkorosi/mengikis)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVKuGoitG6AzS51O1Ev7J1PFjAeNwE2-irk0y4Ljh3B8w9FCuQ8VvX-BANY5Z18tL7ShgNskOUiomfOpKRT_Gc0XxMszjOCD0gIwG9QRzBRTLq-K5rodAaBB5lQ4k5nRZhBY-UEGN16KU/s1600/safety-sign-corrosive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVKuGoitG6AzS51O1Ev7J1PFjAeNwE2-irk0y4Ljh3B8w9FCuQ8VvX-BANY5Z18tL7ShgNskOUiomfOpKRT_Gc0XxMszjOCD0gIwG9QRzBRTLq-K5rodAaBB5lQ4k5nRZhBY-UEGN16KU/s320/safety-sign-corrosive.jpg" width="273" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Bahan korosif adalah cairan atau padat
yang menyebabkan kehancuran ketebalan penuh kulit manusia di lokasi kontak
dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Suatu cairan yang memiliki laju korosi yang parah
pada baja atau aluminium berdasarkan kriteria di 49CFR 173,137 (c) (2) juga
merupakan bahan korosif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Korosi adalah kerusakan bertahap pada
barang, biasanya logam, melalui reaksi kimia dengan lingkungannya. Dalam
penggunaan yang paling umum dari kata tersebut, ini berarti oksidasi
elektrokimia dari logam dalam reaksi dengan oksidan seperti oksigen. Berkarat,
pembentukan oksida besi, adalah contoh terkenal dari elektrokimia korosi. Jenis
kerusakan biasanya menghasilkan oksida (s) atau garam (s) dari logam asli.
Korosi dapat juga terjadi pada bahan selain logam, seperti keramik atau
polimer, meskipun dalam konteks ini, istilah degradasi lebih umum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Paduan struktural Banyak menimbulkan
korosi hanya dari paparan uap air di udara, tetapi proses dapat sangat
dipengaruhi oleh paparan zat tertentu. Korosi dapat terkonsentrasi secara lokal
untuk membentuk lubang atau retak, atau bisa memperpanjang di wilayah yang luas
yang kurang lebih seragam korosi permukaan. Karena korosi adalah proses difusi
yang terkendali, terjadi pada permukaan terbuka. Akibatnya, metode untuk
mengurangi aktivitas permukaan terbuka, seperti pasivasi dan kromat-konversi,
dapat meningkatkan ketahanan korosi material tersebut. Namun, beberapa
mekanisme korosi kurang terlihat dan kurang diprediksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Zat korosif adalah zat yang dapat larut
jaringan organik atau sangat menimbulkan korosi pada logam tertentu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Asam: asam sulfat, asam klorida<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Alkali: hidroksida kalium, natrium
hidroksida<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Contoh : Asam Sebagai Asam Asetat Es,
klorida, Asam Sulfat Dan Nitrat, Caustic Soda Dan Potash caustic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Korosi merupakan proses alamiah yang
paling tua dan terus berkembang dan tidak bisa di remehkan. Korosi adalah
peristiwa turunya kemampuan material “Deterioration”, menerima beban, umumnya
logam karena bereaksi dengan lingkungan. Ini disebut reaksi Elektrokimia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Komponen yang terlibat dalam terjadinya
korosi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Anoda : Reaksi oksidasi, daerah yang
akan terkorosi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Katoda :Reaksi Reduksi, daerah
mengkonsumsi elektron<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. Metallic Pathway ( Hubungan ) Tempat
arus mengalir dari anoda kekatoda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4. Electrolyte ( Larutan ) Larutan yang
korosif yang dapat mengalirkan arus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Reaksi yang terjadi adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Elecrtochemical Reaction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Pada anoda : 4Fe ----------- 4Fe2 + 8e (
Oksidasi )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Pada katoda : 4H2O +2O2 +8e --- 8OH- (
reduksi )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4Fe2+ + 8OH- ----- 4Fe (OH)2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4Fe(OH)2 + O2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2Fe2O3.2H2O ( Karat )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">
<b>DAMPAK KOROSI</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kerugian akibat korosi sangatlh besar di
beberapa negara maju kerusakan akibat korosi sudah menjadi perhatian khusus,
contohnya di Amerika Serikat . Di Aemerika Serikat kerugian dari korosi
mencapai 3 – 5 % dari GDP (gross domestic product). Tahun 1980an, 70 miliar
dollar, Tahun 2000an jadi 170 miliar dollar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Selain kerugian moril dan materil,
korosi juga menyebabkan kerugian akibat kecelakaan kerja yang bisa merenggut
korban jiwa. Misalnya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Meledak Tank industri kimia Gersik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Melayang disk rotor Turbin Uap di
kediri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. Lepasnya Lapisan Tembaga kapal HMS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4. Patah kemudi kapal Dolphin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">5. Patah 2 roda pesawat Sea Hawk Harrier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Hal ini menjadi acuan mengapa
penanganan korosi menjadi hal yang sangat penting dilakukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <b>MEKANISME
KOROSI</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Mekanisme korosi tidak terlepas dari
reaksi elektrokimia. Reaksi elektrokimiamelibatkan perpindahan
elektron-elektron. Perpindahan elektron merupakan hasil reaksiredoks (reduksi-oksidasi).
Mekanisme korosi melalui reaksi elektrokimia melibatkan reaksianodik di daerah
anodik. Reaksi anodik (oksidasi) diindikasikan melalui peningkatan valensiatau
produk elektron-elektron. Reaksi anodik yang terjadi pada proses korosi logam yaitu
: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">a. Reduksi ion
logam :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Fe3<sup>+</sup> + e --> Fe2<sup>+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">b. Pengendapan logam :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3Na<sup>+</sup> + 3 e --> 3 Na<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">c. Reduksi ion hydrogen :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">O2 + 4H++ 4 e --> 2H2O O2 + 2H2O + 4e
--> 4OH-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">d. Reaksi katodik dimana oksigen dari
udara akan larut dalam larutan terbuka. Reaksi korositersebut sebagai berikut
: NaCl.H2O2 Fe + O2 -------------------> Fe2O3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <b>KLASIFIKASI
KOROSI</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">- Korosi Atmosferik</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Tanpa disadari, setiap hari kita
berurusan dengan korosi atmosferik, misalnya karat pada pagar, mobil, atau
peralatan rumah tangga lainnya. Korosi atmosferik merupakan hasilinteraksi
logam dengan atmosfer ambient di sekitarnya, yang terjadi akibat kelembaban
danoksigen di udara, dan diperparah dengan adanya polutan seperti gas-gas atau
garam-garamyang terkandung di udara.Atmosfer yang berpengaruh pada korosi
atmosferik dapat dikategorikan menjadi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">a. Rural :
Daerah rural paling tidak korosif karena hanya mengandung sedikit polutan,dan
lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh embun, oksigen dan CO2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">b. Urban : Bahan
korosif pada daerah urban adalah SOx dan NOx yang berasal dari emisi kendaraan
bermotor dan sedikit aktivitas industri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <b>PENANGGULANGAN
KOROSI</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Korosi merupakan efek yang paling
merusak pada logam, oleh karena itu untuk melindungi logam digunakan
banyak cara, yang semuanya ditujukan agar logam tidak cepatrusak karena korosi.
Kerusakan karena korosi bisa mencapai 1000 kali lipat lebih cepat padalogam
dibandingkan karena pengaruh yang lain. Karena itu timbul berbagai penelitian
untuk melindungi logam ini dari pengaruh korosi, dari cara cara yang
sederhana seperti hanyadengan melapis permukaan logam dengan mengecat sampai
cara cara yang paling moderndengan membuat logam paduan yang tahan terhadap
korosi. Cara cara penanggulangan korosi antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Melapis
permukaan logam dengan cat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Melapis
permukaan logam dengan proses pelapisan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. Membuat
lapisan yang tahan terhadap korosi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4. Membuat
sistem perlindungan dengan anoda korban.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">5.
Membuat logam paduan yang tahan terhadap korosi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Dari metoda-metoda pelapisan tersebut,
masing masing mempunyai keunggulan dankekurangan. Melapis logam dengan cat
merupakan cara yang paling mudah dan murah, tetapi paling cepat rusak daya
tahannya. Sedangkan membuat logam paduan adalah cara yang paling rumit dan
mahal, tetapi daya tahannya paling bagus. Logam paduan juga ditujukan untuk hal
hal lain seperti membuat logam yang kuat tapi ringan, atau logam yang keras
tapigetas seperti baja dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Peristiwa korosi pada logam merupakan
fenomena yang tidak dapat dihindari, namun dapat dihambat maupun dikendalikan
untuk mengurangi kerugian dan mencegah dampak negatif yang diakibatkannya.
Menyimpan bahan-bahan korosif sebaik mungkin sehingga terjadinya penguapan
serta pelepasan ke lingkungan dapat dihindari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <b>KESIMPULAN</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Korosi adalah suatu gejala kimia yang
menyerang logam dan mengakibatkankerusakan pada logam tersebut. Adapun
faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi korosi, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kelembaban udara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Elektrolit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Zat terlarut pembentuk asam (CO2SO2)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Adanya O2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Lapisan pada permukaan logam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Letak logam dalam deret potensial
reduksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Korosi dapat dicegah dengan cara :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Melapis
permukaan logam dengan cat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Melapis
permukaan logam dengan proses pelapisan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. Membuat
lapisan yang tahan terhadap korosi seperti.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4. Membuat sistem
perlindungan dengan anoda korban.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">5. Membuat logam
paduan yang tahan terhadap korosi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
dangerous goodshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00316493719736796815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7367809474428574470.post-48157484007486667812012-12-18T03:23:00.001-08:002012-12-18T03:23:22.217-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">KELAS 3 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Flammable
Liquids (Cairan mudah terbakar)</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrrrQqOBbgtybOYFHE0JnmUSk39AVuhx74Yj0qiCHHVbOtGo9w2d2VBT1sq47xzP7umB-l2pCMLbulcDVOOr2B9zJ9QGojOyBbiFU_wwvG17jiL6ekG8nLfw6qf0x6q9l0TFOXi8NF77A/s1600/flammable+liquid_3.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrrrQqOBbgtybOYFHE0JnmUSk39AVuhx74Yj0qiCHHVbOtGo9w2d2VBT1sq47xzP7umB-l2pCMLbulcDVOOr2B9zJ9QGojOyBbiFU_wwvG17jiL6ekG8nLfw6qf0x6q9l0TFOXi8NF77A/s1600/flammable+liquid_3.gif" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sebuah <b>cairan
yang mudah terbakar</b> adalah cairan dengan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_point&usg=ALkJrhjg4Sq6dv2yDJzAWYwSy1uaXofSJg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">titik nyala</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> tidak lebih
dari 60,5 ° C (141 ° F), atau materi dalam </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid&usg=ALkJrhiX_wDBSrJGOCxeTamn4hHZ9UIPRw"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">fase cair</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> dengan titik
nyala pada atau di atas 37,8 ° C (100 ° F).<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sebuah </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammable_liquid&usg=ALkJrhjddiF2uALXSLVyopJs-RbNhVLxnQ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cairan yang mudah terbakar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> adalah cairan
yang memiliki titik nyala tidak lebih dari 60,5 ° C (141 ° F), atau materi
dalam fase cair dengan titik nyala pada atau di atas 37,8 ° C (100 ° F) yang
sengaja dipanaskan dan ditawarkan untuk transportasi atau diangkut pada atau di
atas titik nyala dalam kemasan massal.Pengecualian berikut ini berlaku:<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Setiap pertemuan cair salah satu
definisi yang ditentukan dalam 49CFR 173,115.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Setiap campuran memiliki satu atau lebih
komponen dengan titik nyala dari 60,5 ° C (141 ° F) atau lebih tinggi, yang
membentuk setidaknya 99 persen dari volume total campuran, jika campuran tidak
ditawarkan untuk transportasi atau diangkut pada atau atas titik flash.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Setiap cair dengan titik nyala lebih
dari 35 ° C (95 ° F) yang tidak mendukung pembakaran menurut ASTM 4206 atau
prosedur dalam Lampiran H dari bagian ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Setiap cair dengan titik nyala lebih
dari 35 ° C (95 ° F) dan dengan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_point&usg=ALkJrhg6NMY3_8omlq0myX6NnjEyqNyIgw"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">titik api</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> yang lebih
besar dari 100 ° C (212 ° F) sesuai dengan ISO 2592.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Setiap cair dengan titik nyala lebih
dari 35 ° C (95 ° F) yang dalam larutan air-larut dengan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content&usg=ALkJrhimH_vs-kxfZOEqoSGRog1IZUjCXQ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kadar air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> lebih dari 90
persen oleh massa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Titik Nyala:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Titik flash
suhu minimum di mana cairan mengeluarkan uap dalam bejana tes dalam konsentrasi
yang cukup untuk membentuk campuran ignitable dengan udara dekat permukaan
cairan.<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">PLACARDS<span style="color: #757575;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<tbody>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">CLASS
3<b> : FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS<span style="color: #757575;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">CLASS 3<b> : COMBUSTIBLE
(ALTERNATE PLACARD)<span style="color: #757575;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">CLASS 3<b> : GASOLINE
(ALTERNATE PLACARD)<span style="color: #757575;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">CLASS 3<b> : FUEL OIL
(ALTERNATE PLACARD)<span style="color: #757575;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">ALTERNATIF PLAKAT-PLAKAT DAN
PELABELAN<span style="color: #757575;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Combustible Liquids</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Suatu
cairan yang mudah terbakar berarti setiap cairan yang tidak memenuhi definisi
lain </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerous_goods&usg=ALkJrhiv9Dj5kaUX7pqR0I65L2Lr04WFww"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kelas bahaya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> ditentukan
dalam subchapter ini dan memiliki titik nyala di atas 60,5 ° C (141 ° F) dan di
bawah 93 ° C (200 ° F).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Sebuah
cairan yang mudah terbakar dengan titik nyala pada atau di atas 38 ° C (100 °
F) yang tidak memenuhi definisi dari setiap kelas bahaya lainnya dapat
reklasifikasi sebagai cairan mudah terbakar. Ketentuan ini tidak berlaku untuk
transportasi dengan kapal atau pesawat udara, kecuali lain </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_transport&usg=ALkJrhjaW31KlXE9BZ6BAHZCCnTCOuGHRw"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sarana transportasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> tidak praktis.
Bahan suhu tinggi yang memenuhi definisi dari bahan Kelas 3 karena sengaja
dipanaskan dan ditawarkan untuk transportasi atau diangkut pada atau di atas
titik nyala yang mungkin tidak reklasifikasi sebagai cairan mudah terbakar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Suatu
cairan yang mudah terbakar yang tidak mendukung pembakaran tidak tunduk pada
persyaratan subchapter ini sebagai cairan mudah terbakar. Baik dengan metode
pengujian yang ditentukan dalam ASTM 4206 atau prosedur dalam Lampiran H dari
bagian ini dapat digunakan untuk menentukan apakah material menopang pembakaran
saat dipanaskan dalam kondisi uji dan terkena sumber eksternal api.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Gasoline</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> :plakat plakat
ini merupakan alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline&usg=ALkJrhji8dTurc2Sr6aIRZ7itmnIKoDO1Q"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bensin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> non-massal
kuantitas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Fuel Oil</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> :plakat plakat
ini merupakan alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil&usg=ALkJrhi9suHKPw9gCd_cT9XIEGmXEtwDZw"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bahan bakar minyak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> non-massal
kuantitas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">COMPATIBILITY TABLE<span style="color: #757575;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="22" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 531.0pt;" width="708"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Load
and Segregation Chart</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 8.0pt;" width="11"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.0pt;" width="65"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Weight</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #F2942B; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.1</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #F2942B; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.2</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #F2942B; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.3</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #F2942B; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.4</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #F2942B; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.5</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #F2942B; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.6</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #E6251E; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.1</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #2E6715; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.2</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #FFF63C; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.2</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.3</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #E6251E; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 8.0pt;" width="11"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #E6251E; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4.1</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #E6251E; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4.2</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #0035F4; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4.3</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #FFF63C; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">5.1</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #FFF63C; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">5.2</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">6.1</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #FFF63C; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 8.0pt;" width="11"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">7</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 8.0pt;" width="11"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">8</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0pt;" width="16"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0pt;" width="16"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">B</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #E6251E; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 8.0pt;" width="11"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #E6251E; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.0pt;" width="65"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">£
1001<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">X<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">X<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">X<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">O<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">X<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0pt;" width="16"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">X<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 12.0pt;" width="16"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">O<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 8.0pt;" width="11"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">O<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 20.0pt;" width="27"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">X<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 8.0pt;" width="11"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 8.0pt;" width="11"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="22" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 531.0pt;" width="708"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kunci</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="22" style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 533.0pt;" width="711"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Tidak adanya
kelas bahaya atau divisi atau ruang kosong dalam tabel menunjukkan bahwa
tidak ada pembatasan berlaku.<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">*</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> : Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemisahan
antara Kelas 1 bahan yang berbeda diatur oleh tabel kompatibilitas di 49CFR
177,848 (f)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">X</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> :Bahan-bahan ini tidak dapat dimuat,
diangkut, atau disimpan bersama-sama dalam kendaraan transportasi yang sama
atau fasilitas penyimpanan selama transportasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">O</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">:Menunjukkan bahwa bahan-bahan tidak
dapat dimuat, diangkut atau disimpan bersama-sama dalam kendaraan
transportasi yang sama atau fasilitas penyimpanan selama transportasi,
kecuali dipisahkan dengan cara yang, jika terjadi kebocoran dari paket di
bawah kondisi normal kejadian untuk transportasi, percampuran bahan berbahaya
tidak akan terjadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 11.0pt .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> : Catatan ini berarti bahwa, meskipun
persyaratan huruf 'X', amonium nitrat pupuk dapat dimuat atau disimpan dengan
Divisi 1,1 atau 1,5 Divisi bahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">PACKING GROUPS<span style="color: #757575;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 442.0pt;" width="589"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Class 3
Packing Groups</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" width="189"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Packing
Group</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.0pt;" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Flash
Point (Closed-Cup)</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.0pt;" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Initial<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Boiling
Point</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" width="189"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">I</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.0pt;" width="191"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.0pt;" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><=
35 ° C (95 ° F)<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" width="189"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">II</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.0pt;" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><23
° C (73 ° F)<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.0pt;" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">>35
° C (95 ° F)<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" width="189"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">III</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.0pt;" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">>
= 23 ° C, <= 60 ° C (140 ° F)<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.0pt;" width="191"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">>
35 ° C (95 ° F)<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">KELAS 4</span></u></b><b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Flammable Solids (Benda padat Mudah
Terbakar)<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Padat mudah
terbakar</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">
adalah setiap bahan dalam </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29&usg=ALkJrhgGH6XhG8tZoVSxX4mUM73t6zAj_w"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">fase padat</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> materi yang
dapat dengan mudah menjalani </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion&usg=ALkJrhhwe95kCC_ryt1jbG6ADKF6RTsjnQ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pembakaran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> di hadapan
sebuah sumber </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion&usg=ALkJrhhwe95kCC_ryt1jbG6ADKF6RTsjnQ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pengapian</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> dalam keadaan
standar, yaitu tanpa:<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Artifisial
mengubah variabel seperti tekanan atau kepadatan; atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Menambahkan
</span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerant&usg=ALkJrhh5hSC03Tm8_NY9eMPizp2I6NBO3g"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">accelerants</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Divisi 4.1: Solid
mudah terbakar</span></b><span style="color: #2c5683; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">: Padat mudah
terbakar adalah salah satu dari tiga jenis berikut bahan:<span style="color: #2c5683;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Peka Bahan Peledak:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> bahan peledak
itu, ketika kering, adalah Bahan Peledak dari Kelas 1 selain yang
kompatibilitas grup A, yang dibasahi dengan air yang cukup, alkohol, atau </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizer&usg=ALkJrhiuztTgQtPtAmvwio_w9jiYJLhmjw"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">plasticizer</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> untuk menekan
sifat eksplosif, dan secara khusus diizinkan oleh nama baik dalam Tabel 172,101
49CFR atau telah diberi nama pengiriman dan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerous_goods&usg=ALkJrhgVjPXlAvB57LF6yp9exDGidFfKwA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kelas bahaya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> oleh
Administrator Associate </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_material&usg=ALkJrhgCWrUhRyEUIkluzWQOsr09sA6OdA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Bahan Berbahaya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Keselamatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Self-reaktif Bahan:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> bahan yang
tidak stabil dan termal yang dapat menjalani sangat </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reaction&usg=ALkJrhiZmDZChhA76MGgrVtRLHBbCpjthg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dekomposisi eksotermik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> bahkan tanpa
partisipasi oksigen (udara). Pengecualian tertentu untuk kelompok ini
mengajukan permohonan di bawah 49 CFR.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Jenis Generik:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> Divisi 4.1 diri
reaktif bahan ditugaskan ke sistem generik yang terdiri dari tujuh jenis. Zat
diri-reaktif diidentifikasi dengan nama teknis dalam Tabel Bahan Self-reaktif
dalam 49CFR 173,224 ditugaskan untuk jenis generik sesuai dengan Tabel itu.
Self-bahan reaktif tidak diidentifikasi dalam Tabel Bahan Self-reaktif dalam
49CFR 173,224 ditugaskan untuk jenis generik berdasarkan prosedur ayat (a) (2)
(iii) bagian ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Mudah terbakar Padat:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> bahan yang
padat yang dapat menyebabkan kebakaran melalui </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction&usg=ALkJrhjcGWbjmLNMXwpOm_RS_Z8CkUjFcg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">gesekan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> , seperti </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match&usg=ALkJrhjLKX0G_01dHBJFODxrEyhhoxyitQ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pertandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> ; menunjukkan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddangerous%2Bgoods%2Bclass%2B3%2Bflammable%2Bliquids%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D579%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn_rate_%28chemistry%29&usg=ALkJrhi5MkRrem7ZIeYV1cXyaMvwJoKvkQ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tingkat pembakaran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> lebih cepat
dari 2,2 mm (0,087 inci) per detik ketika diuji sesuai dengan Manual PBB Tes
dan Kriteria; atau logam bubuk yang dapat tersulut dan bereaksi atas seluruh
panjang sampel dalam 10 menit atau kurang, bila diuji sesuai dengan Manual PBB
Tes dan Kriteria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>
dangerous goodshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00316493719736796815noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7367809474428574470.post-83672215475662051212012-12-18T02:48:00.000-08:002012-12-18T03:20:51.155-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Dangerous goods</span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">
adalah unsur-unsur zat bahan dan atau barang berbahaya yang sangat peka
terhadap suhu udara, tekanan dan getaran serta dapat mengganggu terhadap
kesehatan manusia maupun binatang, dapat menggangu serta membahayakan
keselamatan penerbangan serta dapat merusakkan peralatan pengangkutan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Dangerous Goods
dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 9, antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kelas 1 Explosives<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kelas 2 Gasses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kelas 3 Flammable
Liquids<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kelas 4 Flammable
Solids<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kelas 5 Oxidizing
Substances<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kelas 6 Poisonous,
Toxic or Infectious Substance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kelas 7 Radio
Active Material<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kelas 8 Corrosive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Kelas 9
Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs7hcmXAql5P9aXnKpEktDa1en8jT72Cmu-nVebXXGXSvMN2ny-SLWipq0IET58xzA77hJSSnPJK1L4gVgtWpLiJJcRVuVJfUf1GEE8fa2O7CvM-ilrGsz6H0bq9TLlfU_dCMPKIMaC8Q/s1600/hazardous.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs7hcmXAql5P9aXnKpEktDa1en8jT72Cmu-nVebXXGXSvMN2ny-SLWipq0IET58xzA77hJSSnPJK1L4gVgtWpLiJJcRVuVJfUf1GEE8fa2O7CvM-ilrGsz6H0bq9TLlfU_dCMPKIMaC8Q/s400/hazardous.jpg" width="260" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.1 Kelas 1-Bahan Peledak <span style="background: white;"><br />
</span>NEGARA VARIOTINS: BEG-01/02/03, GBG-01, HKG-03, SAG-04, USG-05/16,
ZAG-01 <span style="background: white;"><br />
</span>3.1.1 Definisi <span style="background: white;"><br />
</span>Kelas 1 terdiri <br />
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<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelas 1 terdiri<br />
a) Zat yang mudah meledak (zat yang bukan selfan peledak tetapi yang dapat dari
ledakan gas, uap atau debu tidak termasuk dalam kelas 1), kecuali orang-orang
yang terlalu berbahaya untuk mengangkut atau yang mana yang bahaya dominan
sesuai ke kelas lain.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bersifat bahan peledak </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">artikel, kecuali perangkat yang
mengandung zat peledak dalam jumlah atau seperti karakter yang pengapian mereka
sengaja atau tidak disengaja atau inisiasi, selama pengangkutan, tidak akan
couse efek eksternal untuk perangkat baik oleh proyeksi, fie, asap, panas atau
keras kebisingan,<br />
c) Artikel dan zat yang tidak disebutkan dalam (a) dan (b) di atas yang
diproduksi dengan maksud untuk menghasilkan efek praktis, explpsive atau
piroteknik.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.1.2
decription<br />
Artikel peledak dan zat ditugaskan ke salah satu dari enam divisi dan salah
satu dari tiga belas groups.not kompatibilitas semua kelompok kompatibilitas
dapat ditemukan di semua devisions.<br />
Catatan:<br />
1. Hanya bahan peledak di divisi 1.4, kompatibilitas kelompok S diijinkan satu
pesawat penumpang.<br />
2. Hanya bahan peledak di devision 1.3, kompatibilitas kelompok B, C, D, E, G
dan S diijinkan pada pesawat kargo.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.1.3</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">DIVISI</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
<span class="hps">Kelas</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">1</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">adalah</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">Devision</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">menjadi
enam</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">divisi</span><span class="longtext">.</span><br />
<span class="hps">3.1.3</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">DIVION</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">1.1</span><br />
<span class="hps">Artikel</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">yang</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">memiliki</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">zat</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">bahaya</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">ledakan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">massa</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">(</span><span class="longtext">ledakan </span><span class="hps">massa di satu</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">yang mempengaruhi</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">hampir</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">seluruh beban</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">hampir</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">instaneously</span><span class="longtext">).</span><br />
<span class="hps">3.1.3.2</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">divisi</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">1.2</span><br />
<span class="hps">Artikel dan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">zat</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">yang memiliki</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">bahaya</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">proyeksi</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">tetapi
tidak</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">bahaya ledakan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">massal</span><span class="longtext">.</span><br />
<span class="hps">3.1.3.3</span><span class="longtext">. </span><span class="hps">divisi</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">1.3</span><br />
<span class="hps">Artikel dan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">zat</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">memiliki</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">bahaya kebakaran</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">dan
baik</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">bahaya</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">ledakan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">kecil</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">bahaya</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">proyeksi</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">kecil</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">atau
keduanya</span><span class="longtext">, </span><span class="hps">tetapi tidak</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">ledakan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">massa</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">divisi</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">hazard.</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">ini </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">terdiri dari</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">artikel</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dan</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">zat </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">bawah</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">:</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berikan menimbulkan radiasi panas yang cukup, atau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Membakar satu demi satu, menghasilkan ledakan kecil dan /
atau efek proyeksi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.1.3.4 divisi 1.4<br />
Artikel dan zat yang hadir ada pembagian hazard.this signifikan terdiri dari
artikel dan zat-zat yang hadir hanya bahaya kecil dalam hal pengapian atau
inisiasi selama efek</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> transpormasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.the yang lagely terbatas pada paket
dan tidak ada proyeksi fragmen ukuran yang cukup atau rentang menjadi
expcted.an api eksternal tidak boleh couse ledakan hampir seketika dari hampir
seluruh isi paket.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Catatan:<br />
Artikel dan zat di divisi ini ditempatkan di kompatibilitas Grup S ketika
mereka begitu dikemas atau dirancang bahwa setiap efek yang berbahaya yang
timbul dari fungsi disengaja yang terkurung dalam paket kecuali paket telah
terdegradasi oleh api, dalam hal ini semua efek ledakan atau projrction yang
terbatas sejauh bahwa mereka tidak secara signifikan menghambat pemadam
kebakaran atau upaya tanggap darurat lainnya di sekitar langsung dari paket.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="HeaderChar"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Catatan;<br />
Untuk kondisi normal transportasi lihat 5.0.4.<br />
3.1.3.6 divisi 1.6<br />
Aircles yang sangat sensitif yang tidak memiliki divions ledakan hazard.this massa
terdiri dari artikel yang mengandung zat peledak hanya sangat sensitif dan yang
menunjukkan kemungkinan diabaikan initiantion disengaja atau propagasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Catatan</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">;</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
<span class="hps">Risiko</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">dari</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">artikel</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">dari</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">Devision</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">1,6</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">terbatas pada</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">ledakan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">sebuah artikel</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">sigle</span><span class="longtext">.</span><br />
<span class="hps">3.1.4</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">Kompatibilitas</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">Grup</span><br />
<span class="hps">3.1.4.1</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">Barang</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">dari</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">kelas</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">1</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">ditugaskan untuk</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">salah satu dari enam</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">divisi</span><span class="longtext">, </span><span class="hps">tergantung</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">pada
jenis</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">bahaya</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">mereka hadir</span><span class="longtext">
</span><span class="hps">(lihat</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">3.1.3</span><span class="longtext">) </span><span class="hps">dan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">salah satu</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">dari</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">kompatibilitas</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">thrtheen</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">dan zat</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">yang</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">dianggap</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">compatible.tables</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">3.1.a</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">dan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">3.1</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">B</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">menunjukkan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">skema</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">klasifikasi</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">ke dalam kelompok</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">kompatibilitas</span><span class="longtext">, </span><span class="hps">divisi</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">bahaya</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">yang
mungkin terkait dengan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">masing-masing
kelompok</span><span class="longtext">, </span><span class="hps">dan</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">kode klasifikasi</span><span class="longtext"> </span><span class="hps">konsekuensial</span><span class="longtext">.</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.1.4.2
definisi grops companibility dalam tabel 3.1. Sebuah dimaksudkan untuk menjadi
saling eksklusif, kecuali untuk sebuah artikel atau substansi yang memenuhi
syarat untuk kelompok companibility S adalah salah satu yang empiris, tugas
untuk kelompok ini selalu terkait dengan tes untuk tugas untuk Devision 1.4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3.1.4.3</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">bahan peledak</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">divisi</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tertentu</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1.4s</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">indentived</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">oleh</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ketentuan khusus</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">A165</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dalam ayat</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">4,2</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tunduk pada</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kriteria</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">(lihat</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ST/SG/AC.10/36/add.2</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">) </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">untuk menunjukkan</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">bahwa setiap</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">efek yang berbahaya</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">yang timbul dari</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">fungsi</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">yang</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">terkurung dalam</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">package.Evidence</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dari</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">efek</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">berbahaya</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">luar</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">paket termasuk</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">:</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) denting atau perforasi dari pelat saksi bawah paket;<br />
b) Sebuah flash atau api mampu memicu seperti selembar kertas 80 +3 g / m pada
jarak 25cm </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dari paket;<br />
c) Gangguan paket menyebabkan proyeksi dari isi bahan peledak, atau<br />
d) Sebuah proyeksi yang melewati sepenuhnya melalui kemasan (proyeksi atau
fragmen ditahan atau struk di dinding kemasan dianggap sebagai tidak
berbahaya).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Otoritas nasional</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">yang tepat</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">mungkin ingin</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">mempertimbangkan</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dampak yang
diharapkan</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dari</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">inisiator</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ketika</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">menilai</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">hasil</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tes</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">jika ini</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">diharapkan</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">menjadi signifikan</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">jika dibandingkan
dengan</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">artikel</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">yang</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tested.if</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ada efek</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">berbahaya</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">luar</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">paket</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">maka</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">produk</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dikeluarkan dari</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kelompok</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kompatibilitas</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">S.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">NEGARA VARIASI: BHG-02, USG-02</span><br />
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;">3.23.2 Kelas 2
- Gas<br />
.1 Definisi<br />
3.2.1. Gas adalah zat yang:<br />
a) pada 50 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> C (122 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> F) memiliki tekanan uap lebih besar dari 300kPs (3,0 bar, 43.5lb/in); atau<br />
b) benar-benar gas pada 20 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> C (68 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> F) pada 0f
tekanan kPa standar 101,3 (1,01 bar, 14,7 lb / in)<br />
<br />
3.2.1.2 Kondisi transportasi gas dijelaskan sesuai dengan keadaan fisik
sebagai:<br />
a) Compressed gas - gas yang, ketika paket di bawah tekanan untuk transportasi,
sepenuhnya gas pada -50 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> C (-58 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> F), kategori
ini mencakup semua gas dengan temperatur kritis kurang dari atau sama dengan
-50 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> C (-58 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> F);<br />
<br />
b) Gas cair - gas yang bila dikemas di bawah tekanan untuk transportasi, adalah
sebagian cair pada suhu di atas -50 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> C (-58 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> F). Sebuah
perbedaan dibuat antara:<br />
• Tekanan tinggi bahan bakar gas - gas dengan +65 kritis </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> C (149 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> F), dan<br />
• tekanan gas rendah cair - gas dengan suhu kritis di atas +65 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> C (149 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> F);<br />
<br />
c) pendingin cair gas - gas yang, ketika paket untuk tranrsport, dibuat
sebagian cair karena suhu yang rendah, atau<br />
<br />
d) terlarut gas - gas yang, ketika paket di bawah tekanan untuk transportasi,
dilarutkan dalam fase cair pelarut<br />
<br />
3.2.1.3 Kelas ini terdiri dari gas dikompresi, gas cair, gas terlarut, gas cair
didinginkan, campuran dari satu atau lebih gas dengan satu atau lebih zat uap
dari classess lainnya, artikel dibebankan dengan gas, dan aerosol (aerosol
untuk lihat 3.2. 5).<br />
<br />
Catatan:<br />
"Cairan Cryorganic" berarti sama dengan "gas cair
didinginkan"<br />
<br />
3.2.1.4 Tekanan dari segala macam yang berhubungan dengan wadah (seperti tes
tekanan, tekanan internal, keselamatan - katup tekanan pembukaan) selalu
ditunjukkan dalam tekanan gauge (tekanan melebihi tekanan atmosfer), namun,
tekanan uap zat selalu exoressed tekanan absolut<br />
<br />
<br />
3.2.2 Divisi<br />
3.2.2.0 Klasifikasi<br />
Zat kelas 2 ditugaskan untuk salah satu dari tiga divisi berdasarkan bahaya
utama dari gas selama pengangkutan.<br />
<br />
Catatan:<br />
Aerolus (UN 1950), Receptacles (UN 2037) harus dianggap sebagai berada di
Divisi 2.1 apabila memenuhi kriteria dalam 3.2.5.2.1 terpenuhi,<br />
<br />
3.2.5.5 Aerosol di Grup Packing i<br />
Aerosol dengan isi memenuhi kriteria untuk Packing Kelompok I untuk racun atau
korosi dilarang transportasi fron.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-size: 14pt;">Dan disini akan
lebih diperdalam pembahasan mengenai kelas 5 dan kelas 6, berikut penjelasannya
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <b>Kelas
5 Oxidizing Substances</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Berupa zat yang
mudah menghasilkan O<sub>2</sub> yg dapat mengakibatkan kebakaran atau
bahan-bahan dan formulasi yang ditandai dengan notasi bahaya <span style="letter-spacing: -1.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">biasanya tidak mudah
terbakar. Tetapi bila kontak dengan bahan mudah </span>terbakar atau bahan sangat mudah terbakar mereka
dapat meningkatkan resiko kebakaran secara signifikan. Dalam berbagai hal
mereka adalah bahan anorganik seperti garam (salt-like) dengan
sifat pengoksidasi kuat dan peroksida-peroksida organik. Contoh bahan
tersebut adalah kalium klorat dan kalium permanganat juga asam nitrat
pekat. Oxidizer dibagi kedalam 2 sub divisi yaitu : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">divisi 5.1 – Oxidizer ( zat yang mudah beroksidasi dengan zat lain)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Contoh : Amonium nitrate feltilizer, Calcium chlorate, Bleaches<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">divisi 5.2- Organic peroxides ( zat yang mudah berorganic dengan zat
lain)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Contoh
: ter-Butyl Hydroperoxide</span><br />
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><br /></span></div>
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</div>
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">kelas 6 – Toxic and Infectious Substances</span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Berupa barang-barang yang mengandung racun yang merupakan Bahan dan
formulasi yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan kesehatan akut atau kronis dan
bahkan kematianpada konsentrasi sangat rendah jika masuk ke tubuh melalui
inhalasi melalui mulut (ingestion), atau kontak dengan kulit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Contoh bahan dengan sifat tersebutmisalnya kalium
sianida, hydrogen sulfida, nitrobenzenedan atripin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Kelas 6 ini dibagi kedalam 2 sub divisi yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Divisi 6.1 – Toxic substances ( zat yang beracun)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Divisi 6.2 – Infectious substances ( zat yang dapat mengakibatkan infeksi
dan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">kematian)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Contoh-contoh barang berbahaya kelas 5 dan 6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">divisi 5.1 : Fertilizer, Amonium nitrate, Bleaches dan calcium chlorate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Divisi 5.2 : Benzoyl peroxide, Hydrogen peroxide, Mtehyl ethyl ketome
peroxide, dan paracetic acid<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Divisi 6.1 : Pestisida, Nicotine, Arsenic, Cyanide, dan Strychnine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Divisi 6.2 : Virus, Bacteria, Diagnostic Specimen, dan medical &
clinical waste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><br /></span></div>
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</div>
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Tanggung jawab shipper terhadap barang kelas 5</span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Contoh : ammonium nitrate <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">1. Shipper melakukan pengemasan terhadap ammonium
nitrate dengan menggunakan packaging II atau III, dan menggunakan
kombinasi packaging<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> 2.Shipper melakukan mengidentifikasi
bahwa barang tersebut termasuk kelompok barang berbahaya kelas 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> 3.Shipper mengklasifikasi barang tersebut
termasuk barang dalam kelompok barang berbahaya kelas 5 divisi 5.1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> 4.Shipper menandai barang dengan cara
menandai dengan Nomer UN 2067 dan nomor packaging , dan masukkan proper
shipping name, nomer UN , nama dan alamat shipper dan nama dan alamat consignee
dan data barang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> 5.Shipper melabel dengan gambar dangerous
goods kelas 5 divisi 5.1,hazard label, dan resikonya <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">S 6.Shipper melabel dengan gambar dangerous goods
kelas 5 divisi 5.1,hazard label, dan resikonya, Shipper menyiapkan beberpa
dokumen yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">a. Shipper declaration for dangerous goods</span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">b. Air waybill<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">c. Material safety data sheet<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">d. Acceptance check list<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">e. NOTOC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">tanggung jawab shipper terhadap barang dangerous goods
class 6</span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Sebagai contoh : pestisida</span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> 1.Shipper melakukan pengemasan
terhadap barang pestisida tersebut dan menggunakan limited quantities packaging
yang menggunakan kemasan kombinasi.</span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> 2.Shipper
mengidentifikasi bahwa barang tersebut termasuk barang berbahaya divisi 6.1</span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">
3.Shipper menandai barang tersebut apakah sudah benar dengan data barang dan
barang tersebut termasuk dalam toxic yaitu zat yang beracun</span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">4.Shipper melabel barang tersebut dengan gambar dalam
divisi 6.1,</span></b><span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Beberapa hal yang wajib dicantumkan pada label
keterangan adalah berikut (Direktorat Pupuk dan Pestisida, 2011) :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Nama dagang formula;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Jenis pestisida;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Nama dan kadar bahan aktif;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Isi atau berat bersih dalam kemasan;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Peringatan keamanan;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Klasifikasi dan simbol bahaya;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Petunjuk keamanan;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Gejala keracunan;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan (P3K);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Perawatan medis;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Petunjuk penyimpanan;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Petunjuk penggunaan;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Piktogram;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Nomor pendaftaran;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Nama dan alamat serta nomor telepon pemegang,
nomor pendaftaran;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Nomor produksi, bulan dan tahun produksi (batch
number) serta bulan dan tahun kadaluwarsa;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Selain keterangan tersebut pada setiap Label wajib dicantumkan kalimat <b>“Bacalah Label Sebelum Menggunakan Pestisida!” </b>Tulisan ini biasanya dicantumkan dengan jelas agar setiap pengguna pestisida memperhatikan informasi yang terdapat dalam kemasan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #391e0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Ke 17 (tujuhbelas) keterangan tersebut penting untuk diketahui petani, namun kenyataannya sulit bagi petani untuk mencermati dan memahami semuanya. Karena itu ada beberapa item yang perlu diprioritaskan untuk dibaca dan dipahami oleh petani setiap membeli produk pestisida.</span></div>
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